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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 10.
Published in final edited form as: Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Sep;6(5):10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0003-2017. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0003-2017

Figure 4: Model of C. perfringens sporulation and enterotoxin production.

Figure 4:

Via the Agr-like quorum sensing system, CcpA and CodY and unidentified intermediates, a histidine kinase(s) affects spooA expression and/or possibly Spo0A phosphorylation to initiate sporulation. This triggers a sigma factor cascade, where SigF controls production of three other sporulation-associated sigma factors (SigE, SigG and SigK). SigE and SigK then regulate CPE production during sporulation by enhancing cpe expression. All four sigma factors are needed for sporulation. Reproduced with permission from [142].