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. 2019 Aug 21;7:347. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00347

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Copyright © 2019 Li, Peng, Li, Christensen, Heckmann, Stenlund, Lönnerdal and Hernell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Drop-out rates and adherence to the intervention in the formula-fed groups (SF, standard formula; MFGM, formula supplemented with milk fat globule membrane; F19, formula supplemented with L. paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19) and the BF (breastfed) group. Ten children did not show up at any of the examinations and were excluded. During the study, 115 children left the study at various times, giving a total drop-out rate of 14.6% (BF, 14.1; SF, 14.1; MFGM, 17.9, and F19, 15.1%) with no significant difference among groups. The most common reason for drop-out (78%) was parent/caregiver decision to do so without explanation.