Table 2.
Adjusted Cox regression modela to predict post-tuberculosis incident diabetes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke, Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), 2002–2013.
| Characteristics | Diabetes aHRc (95% CI) |
AMI aHRc (95% CI) |
Stroke aHRc (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | |||
| 15–24 | 0.11 (0.07-0.19) | Excluded | Excluded |
| 25–44 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 45–64 | 1.96 (1.73-2.23) | 4.72 (3.67-6.08) | 3.11 (2.83-3.42) |
| ≥65 | 1.66 (1.46-1.90) | 8.01 (6.24-10.28) | 6.57 (6.00-7.20) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 1.36 (1.24-1.49) | 1.57 (1.42-1.74) | 1.28 (1.22-1.34) |
| TB site | |||
| Pulmonary | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Extrapulmonary | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) |
| Miliary | 0.82 (0.48–1.38) | 1.30 (0.86–1.98) | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) |
| TB treatment duration | |||
| ≤6 months | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 7–12 months | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) |
| >12 months | 0.78 (0.61 – 1.01) | 1.03 (0.81 – 1.32) | 0.89 (0.78 – 1.00) |
| Dyslipidemiab | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.41 (1.25-1.58) | 1.29 (1.17-1.43) | 1.20 (1.13-1.27) |
| Hypertensionb | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.78 (1.62-1.94) | 1.70 (1.54-1.86) | 1.67 (1.60-1.75) |
| Overweightb | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 2.67 (1.76-4.03) | 1.08 (0.60–1.95) | 0.98 (0.72–1.35) |
| HIVb | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.44 (0.18–1.06) | 1.81 (0.90–3.64) | 0.62 (0.36–1.04) |
| CKDb | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.78 (0.64-0.96) | 1.86 (1.65-2.11) | 1.26 (1.17-1.36) |
| Diabetesb | Excluded | ||
| No | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.96 (1.79-2.14) | 1.47 (1.40-1.54) | |
| Myocardial infarctionb | Excluded | ||
| No | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | |
| Strokeb | Excluded | ||
| No | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 1.24 (1.12-1.37) |
Abbreviation: AMI - Acute Myocardial Infarction; IQR - interquartile range; CHR - Crude hazard ratio; AHR - Adjusted Hazard Ratio; CI - Confidence Interval; TB - Tuberculosis.
Bold indicates statistical significance (two-sided P-value <0.05).
Proportional hazard assumption was assessed using Schoenfeld’s residual and log of negative log curve.
Comorbidities (i.e., dyslipidemia, hypertension, overweight, HIV, and chronic kidney disease) were diagnosed earlier or at the time of TB diagnosis.
Hazard Ratios after adjusting for age, gender, type of TB, anti TB treatment duration, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease status.