Table 3.
Household product use [n (%)] and food consumption [n (%)] within the previous 24 hours of urine collection by urinary bisphenol S concentrations among 158 men in the EARTH Study.
| Quartiles of urinary bisphenol S concentrations, μg/L (range) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N urines | Total cohort | Q1 (<LOD) |
Q2 (0.20, 0.30) |
Q3 (0.40, 0.80) |
Q4 (0.90, 52.0) |
Q2-4 (>LOD) |
p-value Q1 vs. Q2-4 |
|
| Fabric softener | 239 | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 2 (3) | 6 (3) | 0.002 |
| Laundry detergent | 238 | 33 (14) | 6 (11) | 8 (13) | 10 (18) | 9 (14) | 27 (15) | 0.87 |
| Dishwashing liquid | 238 | 150 (63) | 34 (63) | 38 (60) | 35 (63) | 43 (66) | 116 (63) | 0.68 |
| Paints/solvents | 239 | 10 (4) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 2 (4) | 4 (6) | 9 (5) | 0.05 |
| Gum | 238 | 34 (14) | 10 (19) | 12 (19) | 9 (16) | 3 (5) | 24 (10) | 0.42 |
| Mints | 234 | 30 (13) | 6 (11) | 10 (16) | 6 (11) | 8 (13) | 24 (13) | 0.23 |
| Had eaten in stored/heated plastic container | 238 | 98 (41) | 18 (33) | 26 (42) | 27 (47) | 27 (42) | 80 (44) | 0.28 |
| Canned beverages | 238 | 20 (8) | 4 (7) | 6 (10) | 4 (7) | 6 (9) | 16 (9) | 0.81 |
| Canned food | 239 | 62 (26) | 13 (24) | 16 (25) | 15 (26) | 18 (28) | 49 (27) | 0.76 |
| Beef | 239 | 94 (40) | 10 (19) | 33 (52) | 22 (39) | 29 (45) | 84 (41) | 0.0006 |
| Lamb | 239 | 9 (4) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 5 (8) | 8 (4) | 0.18 |
| Pork | 239 | 71 (30) | 14 (26) | 17 (27) | 18 (32) | 22 (34) | 57 (31) | 0.17 |
| Chicken | 239 | 112 (47) | 22 (41) | 32 (51) | 29 (51) | 29 (45) | 90 (49) | 0.59 |
| Fish | 239 | 41 (17) | 11 (20) | 5 (8) | 16 (28) | 9 (14) | 30 (16) | 0.26 |
| Other poultry | 239 | 30 (13) | 4 (7) | 10 (16) | 6 (11) | 10 (15) | 26 (14) | 0.12 |
| Cold cuts | 238 | 49 (21) | 9 (17) | 14 (22) | 9 (16) | 17 (26) | 40 (22) | 0.60 |
| Hot dogs | 238 | 11 (5) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 6 (9) | 10 (5) | 0.23 |
| Milk | 238 | 142 (60) | 27 (51) | 38 (60) | 39 (68) | 38 (58) | 115 (62) | 0.20 |
| Sausage | 238 | 28 (12) | 6 (11) | 7 (11) | 9 (16) | 6 (9) | 22 (12) | 0.20 |
| Cheese | 238 | 164 (69) | 31 (59) | 43 (68) | 44 (77) | 46 (71) | 133 (72) | 0.05 |
| Ice-cream | 238 | 44 (19) | 13 (25) | 13 (21) | 6 (11) | 12 (19) | 31 (17) | 0.45 |
Note: Floor wax, car wax, pesticides, flea/tick prevention products, laundry starch, vinyl boots, vinyl gloves, vinyl raincoat, grooming products, mothballs and intake of veal have been excluded from analysis because of low frequency (<3%). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg/L.