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Mechanism of A, CTLA4 and B, PD1 in T cell activation upon antigen recognition [1,3]. AKT, protein kinase B; Bcl-xl, B cell lymphoma xl; LCK, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate SHP2, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2; ZAP70, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70.
