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Patient characteristics (n = 27)
| Age, years: mean (SD) | 46 (14) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 18 (67%) |
| Female | 9 (33%) |
| BMI: mean (SD) | 25 (4) |
| ASA score | |
| I | 18 (67%) |
| II | 9 (33%) |
| Smoker | |
| Yes | 8 (30%) |
| No | 19 (70%) |
| Racial origin | |
| African | 3 (11%) |
| Asian | 3 (11%) |
| Caucasian | 14 (52%) |
| Middle Eastern | 5 (19%) |
| Mixed | 2 (7%) |
| Haemorrhoidal severity | |
| Grade 2 | 8 (30%) |
| Grade 3 | 10 (37%) |
| Grade 4 | 9 (33%) |
ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists, BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation
