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. 2019 Sep 10;10:4096. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11934-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Whole brain mediation analysis. a Overview. A mass-univariate mediation analysis was performed to identify: (1) activity increases for high > low social information and CS (Path a), (2) activity associated with increased pain ratings when controlling for path a effects (path b), and (3) activity formally mediating the effects of social information and CS on pain ratings (dashed arrows, path ab). b Path b effects. Significant pain-related activity independent of the experimental manipulations was found in mid cingulate, posterior and mid insula, thalamus, cerebellum, and other regions. The wedge plot (with the radius of each wedge proportional to the correlation strength) indicates a high spatial correlation of this effect with the Somatomotor network (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.28, see Supplementary Table 6). The ten most strongly associated Neurosynth terms are shown on the right (decreasing brightness indicates order of associations, see Supplementary Table 7). c Path a effects for Social (purple), CS effects (green), and their conjunction (blue). Social information effects (increased activity for Social_HIGH > Social_LOW) were found in ACC, anterior insula, dlPFC, and parietal areas. Those effects most strongly mapped on the frontoparietal (r = 0.13) and dorsal attention networks (r = 0.12, see wedge plot and Supplementary Table 6) and were associated with terms reflecting cognitive tasks (see Supplementary Table 7). CS effects (CS_HIGH > CS_LOW) were seen in limbic areas and cerebellum, and showed a more diffuse mapping on large-scale networks and meta-analytic terms. d Path ab effects for Social (purple), CS effects (green), and their conjunction (blue). Social influence effects on pain mapped on the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks (both r’s = 0.06) and on terms associated with cognitive control. CS effects mapped on the default mode network (r = 0.06) and were associated with terms related to semantic processing. All maps were thresholded at FDR q < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons across the whole brain (gray matter masked) with adjacent areas thresholded at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 (uncorrected) for display