Table 3.
Multivariable association between individual income and periodontitis in the entire study group, non-regular walking, and regular walking groups.
| OR (95% CI) | Total | Regular walking | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| Model 1 | |||
| Low | 1.518 (1.262–1.826) | 1.566 (1.24–1.978) | 1.389 (1.031–1.87) |
| Middle low | 1.423 (1.2–1.687) | 1.390 (1.122–1.723) | 1.380 (1.049–1.816) |
| Middle high | 1.095 (0.925–1.296) | 1.031 (0.839–1.267) | 1.096 (0.839–1.43) |
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Model 2 | |||
| Low | 1.418 (1.169–1.72) | 1.481 (1.165–1.883) | 1.301 (0.958–1.767) |
| Middle low | 1.341 (1.125–1.597) | 1.332 (1.073–1.653) | 1.314 (0.991–1.742) |
| Middle high | 1.039 (0.87–1.242) | 1.001 (0.813–1.233) | 1.065 (0.811–1.399) |
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Model 3 | |||
| Low | 1.414 (1.147–1.742) | 1.423 (1.098–1.844) | 1.366 (0.995–1.874) |
| Middle low | 1.333 (1.102–1.612) | 1.282 (1.013–1.621) | 1.376 (1.029–1.841) |
| Middle high | 1.045 (0.863–1.266) | 0.982 (0.783–1.231) | 1.13 (0.85–1.501) |
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Model 4 | |||
| Low | 1.388 (1.125–1.711) | 1.394 (1.074–1.810) | 1.345 (0.977–1.850) |
| Middle low | 1.314 (1.087–1.589) | 1.267 (1.001–1.603) | 1.362 (1.018–1.821) |
| Middle high | 1.037 (0.855–1.258) | 0.981 (0.782–1.232) | 1.114 (0.836–1.484) |
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Response variable: Periodontitis.
Explanatory variable: Individual Income.
Model 1 was adjusted for age and gender.
Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, and level of education.
Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, level of education, smoking, and diabetes mellitus.
Model 4 was adjusted for age, gender, level of education, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dental flossing, and interdental brushing.
Bold denotes statistical significance at P < 0.05. OR means odds ratio. CI means confidence interval.