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. 2019 Sep 4;10:2019. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02019

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Copyright © 2019 Lin, Xu, Austin, Caplazi, Senger, Sun, Jeet, Young, Delarosa, Suto, Huang, Zhang, Yan, Corzo, Barck, Rajan, Looney, Gandham, Lesch, Liang, Mai, Ngu, Ratti, Chen, Misner, Lin, Danilenko, Katavolos, Doudemont, Uppal, Eastham, Mak, de Almeida, Bao, Hadadianpour, Keir, Carano, Diehl, Xu, Wu, Weimer, DeVoss, Lee, Balazs, Walsh, Alatsis, Martin and Zarrin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CSF1 and IL34 regulate macrophage homeostasis in adult mice. (A) Effect of aCSF1 and/or IL34 antagonist antibodies on tissue-resident macrophages. C57/BL6 mice were treated with aCSF1 and/or aIL34, or anti-ragweed (aRW) IgG2a intraperitoneally for 1 month. Formalin-fixed tissues (intestine, liver, kidney, skin, and bone marrow) were stained with F4/80 and stained area was plotted and percentage of total tissue area to quantitate tissue-resident macrophages. (B) Quantitation of tissue-resident macrophages in spleen and liver after 7, 14, and 28 days of aCSF1 and/or aIL34 treatment stained with F4/80. (C) Staining of tissue-resident brain microglia (stained with anti-Iba-1) or skin epidermal Langerhans cells (anti-Langerin). Immuno-reactive cells were quantitated by digital image analysis as described in Materials and Methods. Results are displayed as group means ± SEM (standard error of the mean), and are representative of at least two independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.