Fig. 1. Pre-treatment with lactate increases resistance to oxidative stress.

a Schematic representation of the experimental procedures used in this study with the SH-SY5Y cells. b Measures of cell death after co-application of 150 μM H₂O₂ with lactate or pyruvate. c Measures of cell death after oxidative stress induced by 150 μM H₂O₂ following a 6 h pre-treatment with lactate or pyruvate. d, e Measures of cell death after oxidative stress induced by 150 μM H₂O₂ upon pre-treatment with lactate or pyruvate and application of 1 μM MCT1 inhibitor AR-C155858 (d) or 1 μM cycloheximide (e). Each data point represents one measurement. Bars are the average ± SEM. All calculations for statistical significance were completed using a non-parametric, one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons, n = 12–15 from 4–5 independent experiments. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001