TABLE 4.

Prevalence of the most common single infections and pathogen coinfections reported in questing I. scapularis ticks in the United States from 2003 to 2017

Location	Yr(s)	No. of ticks	Stagea	Single infections (%)b			Double infections (%)		Triple infections (%) of Bb-Apc-Bm	Reference
				Bb	Apc	Bm	Bb-Apc	Bb-Bm
NJ	2003–2004	147	A	50	6		3			115
NY	2003–2006	3,300	N	14	6	3	0.5	1		116
		7,914	A	46	12	2	6	1	0.4	116
ME	2003	100	A	58	16	7	9	11d		117
IN	2004	100	A	72	5		4	4d		117
PA	2005	94	A	52	1		1	1d		117
WI	2006	100	A	35	14		8	4d		117
MI	2006	119	A	50	4		2			118
NJ	2004–2007	478	N	10		4	3			119
		610	A	45		8	6
IA	2007–2009	156	N	17	29		6			120
NY	2008	132	A	62	22	26	16	22	7	49
CT	2008	154	A	65	17	16	16	12	3	49
WI	2009–2013	748	N	29	5		3			121
NY	2011	323e	N	67	34	19				50
		922e	A	60	23	4
		466	A	55	18	3	10	1	1
NY	2011–2012	4,368	N	19	5	6	2	7	1	122
CT	2011–2012	514	N	13	3	6	1	2		123
MD	2011–2012	124	N	19	1					123
NY	2011–2012	207	N	23	5	11		6		123
PA	2013	1,363	A	47	3	3	1	2		124
MD	2014–2015	168	N	21	1					125
NY	2014–2015	299	N	17	9	3	3	4		125
PA	2014–2015	114	N	22	3		2			125
VA	2014–2015	472	N	12	1		1			125
DC	2014–2015	253	N	23	4					125
ME	2015	154	N	18	3	4		3		125
MN	2015	1,240	N	25	6	5	2	2	1	126
WI	2015	112	A	41	11	9	1	1	1	127
PA	2015–2017	1,721	N	25	1	3	1	1		128
NY	2016–2017	197	A	56	11	8	4	0.5	2	39

^aN, nymphs; A, adults.

^bBb, Borrelia burgdorferi; Ap, Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Bm, Babesia microti.

^cAp human variant.

^dCoinfection of B. burgdorferi and B. microti plus Babesia odocoilei combined.

^eTested in pools of single individuals to a maximum of 10.