Table 1.
Prevalence of oipA “on” status among isolates from various geographical regions
| Country | Number of patients | Study population | oipA “on” prevalence | Association with other virulence genes |
| North-Eastern Brazil[30] | 95 | Adults with gastritis, GC and their first degree relatives, asymptomatic children | 81.1% | cagA and vacA s1 m1 |
| Iran[31] | 53 | Adults and children with chronic gastritis, PUD, intestinal metaplasia and GC | 79.0% | cagA, vacA s1 m1 |
| Venezuela[32] | 113 | Adults with chronic gastritis | 83.0% | NA |
| Bulgaria[33] | 70 | Symptomatic adults | 81.0% | cagA, vacA s1, m1 and m2 |
| Malaysia and Singapore[34] | 159 | Adults with functional dyspepsia, GC and PUD | 89.4% | vacA m1/m2 |
| Italy[35] | 90 | Adults with chronic gastritis and PUD | 77.4% | babA2, hopQ |
| Colombia and United States[36] | 200 | Patients with gastritis, PUD and GC | 79.3% | cagA, babA |
| Germany[26] | 58 | Patients with chronic gastritis | 59.0% | cagA, vacA s1, babA |
| Netherlands[37] | 96 | Adults with chronic gastritis, PUD, GC and lymphoma | 72.0% | cag PAI+ |
| Italy[27] | 60 | Adults with chronic gastritis, PUD and duodenitis | 60.0% | cagA, vacA s1 and m1, babA |
| East Asia and India[38] | 54 | Adults with gastritis and PUD | 100% | cagA, vacA s1 |
| Western countries[38] | 55 | Adults with gastritis and PUD | 63.6% | cagA, vacA s1 |
NA: Not available; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease; GC: Gastric cancer.