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. 2019 Sep 7;25(33):4850–4869. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4850

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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Timeline of surgical innovations in the treatment of rectal cancer[81-87]. TME: Total mesorectal excision.