Table 1.
Effects of resistant starch (RS), arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan (βG) on microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract of swine.
| Dietary fiber | Type of dietary fiber | Microbial proliferation | Site | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS | RS2 | Increased growth of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus bromii, Eubacterium rectale | Colon | Martinez et al. (2010) |
| Increased growth of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria | Colon | Young et al. (2012) | ||
| No effect on microbial proliferation | Feces | Martinez et al. (2010) | ||
| RS3 | Increased growth of R. bromii | Colon | Haenen et al. (2013) | |
| Increased growth of E. rectale | Colon | Martinez et al. (2010) | ||
| Increased bacterial group belonging to Clostridium cluster IV, IX, XV, XVI, XVII | Colon | Haenen et al. (2013) | ||
| Decreased bacterial group belonging to Clostridium cluster XIVa | colon | Haenen et al. (2013) | ||
| RS3 (pattern A) | Increased growth of Atopobium | Colon | Lesmes et al. (2008) | |
| RS3 (pattern B) | Increased growth of Bifidobacterium | Colon | Lesmes et al. (2008) | |
| RS4 | Increased growth of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria | Colon | Martinez et al. (2010) | |
| Increased growth of Bifidobacterium and ParaBacteroides distasonis | Colon | Martinez et al. (2010) | ||
| No effect on microbial proliferation | Caecum | Metzler-Zebeli et al. (2015) | ||
| AX | AX (from wheat) | Increased Lactobacilli, no effect on Escherichia coli | Colon | Van Laere et al., 2000, Mirande et al., 2010 |
| AX | Arabinoxylan not fermented by Lactobacilli, Enterococci, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens | In vitro study | Crittenden et al. (2002) | |
| Oligosaccharide with more than 5 units of xylan increased proliferation of Bacteroides | Colon | Mirande et al. (2010) | ||
| AX | Oligosaccharide with less than 5 units of xylan increased proliferation of Bifidobacteria | Colon | Moura et al. (2007) | |
| AX | Among oligosaccharides xylotriose and xylotetraose was best utilized by Bifidobacteria | Colon | Ejby et al. (2013) | |
| AX | B. breve and B. infantis are not able to degrade AX, whereas B. longum and B. ovatus could only partially degrade AX and B. adolescentis and B. vulgatus could completely degrade AX | In vitro study | Van Laere et al. (2000) | |
| βG | Mixed linked βG | Reduced Lactobacilli, Enterobacteria and Streptococci | Colon | Pieper et al. (2008) |
| βG | Improved growth of overall microbes | Stomach | Leterme et al. (2000) | |
| βG (from barley) | Increased proliferation of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria when compared with wheat based diet | Colon | Garry et al. (2007) | |
| βG (from wheat) | Increased proliferation of Bifidobacteria and decreased the concentration of Clostridium species | Colon | Pieper et al. (2008) | |
| βG (from hulled barley) | Increased proliferation of Lactobacilli | Colon | Pieper et al. (2008) | |
| βG (from hulless barley) | Decreased proliferation of Lactobacilli | Colon | ||
| βG (from oat as well as microbial beta glucan) | Increased growth of Bifidobacteria | Colon | Mårtensson et al. (2005) | |
| βG (from barley) | Did not increase growth of Bifidobacteria (B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. longum) | In vitro study | Crittenden et al. (2002) | |
| βG (from barley) | Increase growth of Bifidobacteria (B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. longum) | In vitro study | Zhao and Cheung (2011) | |
| Purified βG | Increased Lactobacilli | Ileum | Pieper et al. (2008) | |
| βG (from cereal) | Decreased proliferation of Lactobacilli | Ileum | ||
| βG (from cereal) | Increase proportion of Lactobacilli and decreased amount of coliforms | Feces | Pieper et al. (2008) |