Table 2.
Mutually adjusted hazard ratios for the duration of out-patient commitment order and for the duration between the first-ever out-patient commitment order and time to readmission to a psychiatric facility by background characteristics
| Characteristics | Duration of out-patient commitment order (n = 242) | Time between the first-ever out-patient commitment and the first readmission to a psychiatric facility (n = 241) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)a | P | HR (95% CI)a | P | |
| Regional psychiatric hospital | ||||
| University Hospital of North Norway | 1.23 (0.71 to 2.11) | 0.465 | 2.74 (1.56 to 4.81) | <0.001 |
| Innlandet Hospital Trust | 1.83 (0.95 to 3.49) | 0.069 | 2.42 (1.23 to 4.75) | 0.010 |
| Sørlandet Hospital Trust | 1.97 (1.02 to 3.79) | 0.042 | 1.25 (0.65 to 2.40) | 0.501 |
| Helse Bergen Trust | 1.42 (0.88 to 2.29) | 0.155 | 2.28 (1.34 to 3.87) | 0.002 |
| Lovisenberg Hospital | 1.08 (0.63 to 1.86) | 0.781 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Akershus University Hospital | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.58 (0.87 to 2.89) | 0.133 |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) | 0.370 | 1.13 (0.82 to 1.56) | 0.445 |
| Men | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Age | ||||
| ≥40 years | 1.27 (0.91 to 1.79) | 0.160 | 1.25 (0.90 to 1.74) | 0.186 |
| 18–39 years | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Affective mood disorders (F31–39) | 2.36 (1.52 to 3.66) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.70 to 1.62) | 0.772 |
| Other | 3.16 (1.75 to 5.71) | <0.001 | 1.31 (0.67 to 2.57) | 0.433 |
| Schizophrenia spectrum (F20–29) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| First psychiatric hospital stay | ||||
| <3 years before out-patient commitment order | 1.52 (1.02 to 2.27) | 0.041 | 1.40 (0.88 to 2.18) | 0.159 |
| ≥3 years before out-patient commitment order | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Living conditions | ||||
| With someone | 1.24 (0.87 to 1.77) | 0.236 | 1.11 (0.77 to 1.60) | 0.580 |
| Alone | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Involuntary admissions 3 years before out-patient commitment order | ||||
| >1 admission | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.41) | 0.870 | 1.22 (0.87 to 1.71) | 0.244 |
| 1 admission | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Criteria used for out-patient commitment order: | ||||
| Treatment and dangerousness criteria | 0.69 (0.46 to 1.05) | 0.084 | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.67) | 0.637 |
| Unknown | 1.30 (0.62 to 2.72) | 0.488 | 0.64 (0.28 to 1.49) | 0.303 |
| Only treatment criteria | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Patient taking antipsychotics | ||||
| During some of the out-patient commitment period | 1.11 (0.73 to 1.68) | 0.630 | 1.53 (0.99 to 2.36) | 0.054 |
| During whole out-patient commitment period | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Depot injections | ||||
| Not receiving | 2.14 (1.48 to 3.11) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.12) | 0.176 |
| Receiving | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Involuntary treatment order while on out-patient commitment | ||||
| No | 0.93 (0.66 to 1.32) | 0.696 | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.63) | 0.453 |
| Yes | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Psychiatric hospital admissions 3years before out-patient commitment order, n | 0.94 (0.89 to 1.00) | 0.046 | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.10) | 0.014 |
| Days in psychiatric hospital 3 years before out-patient commitment order, n | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.896 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.827 |
Ref., reference.
a.
Hazard ratios (HRs) are mutually adjusted in multivariable Cox regression analyses. For duration of out-patient commitment orders increased HRs are associated with a shorter duration of out-patient commitment, whereas for time to readmission increased HRs are associated with shorter time to readmissions.