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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2019 Jul 15;37(3):180–214. doi: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1639481

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Role of ncRNA-dependent regulation of CYP expression in xenobiotic metabolism. NcRNAs regulate the expression of CYP and NR genes and NRs regulate the expression of ncRNAs and CYPs. CYPs and other Phase I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) catalyze Phase I metabolism of xenobiotics. Toxic xenobiotics are converted by CYP-mediated Phase I detoxification reactions to polar, nontoxic metabolites that may be processed further by Phase II and Phase III XMEs to enhance elimination. Procarcinogens and inactive xenobiotics are converted by CYP-catalyzed Phase I activation reactions to reactive metabolites that form protein adducts and DNA adducts associated with toxicity or mutations leading to cancer.