Table 2.
Longitudinal association between baseline alcohol consumption and subsequent 2 years decline in muscle strength (kg)a.
| Categories of alcohol consumption | trend pb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (High) | ||
| All participants (n) | 75 | 83 | 83 | 85 | |
| Crude | -0.94 (-1.68, -0.19) | -1.32 (-2.02, -0.61) | -1.67 (-2.38, -0.97) | -2.54 (-3.24, -1.85) | 0.002 |
| Model 1c | -1.09 (-1.84, -0.34) | -1.28 (-1.99, -0.58) | -1.62 (-2.32, -0.92) | -2.49 (-3.18, -1.79) | 0.006 |
| Model 2d | -1.02 (-1.76, -0.28) | -1.36 (-2.06, -0.67) | -1.61 (-2.29, -0.93) | -2.48 (-3.18, -1.78) | 0.006 |
| Model 3e | -0.97 (-1.72, -0.22) | -1.40 (-2.09, -0.70) | -1.60 (-2.28, -0.92) | -2.50 (-3.22, -1.79) | 0.006 |
a
Variables are expressed as estimated geometrics means (95% CI).
b
Obtained using ANCOVA.
c
Adjusted for age, sex.
d
Further adjusted for BMI, physical activity, educational level, marital status, occupation, smoking habits, total energy intake, total protein intake, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, C-reactive protein and baseline value of grip strength.
e
Further adjusted for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and depressive symptoms.