Table 2.
Multivariate linear regression with selected background characteristics to predict the cognitive outcome of the elderly in India, 2007-08, in 4 models
| Background variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | 95%CI | P value | Coefficient | 95%CI | P value | Coefficient | 95%CI | P value | Coefficient | 95%CI | P value | |
| Age groups | ||||||||||||
| 50-59 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| 60-69 | −0.349 | (−0.523;-0.175) | <.001 | −0.350 | (−0.525;-0.175) | <.001 | −0.348 | (−0.522;-0.173) | <.001 | −0.353 | (−0.522;-0.173) | <.001 |
| 70+ | −1.018 | (−1.247;-0.789) | <.001 | −1.019 | (−1.249;-0.790) | <.001 | −1.022 | (−1.251;-0.794) | <.001 | −1.016 | (−1.245;-0.788) | <.001 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Female | −0.202 | (−0.416;-0.013) | 0.065 | −0.271 | (−0.845;-0.303) | 0.355 | −0.066 | (−0.398;0.265) | 0.695 | −0.189 | (−0.403;-0.026) | 0.084 |
| Place of residence | ||||||||||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Rural | −0.525 | (−0.707;-0.343) | <.001 | −0.525 | (−0.708;-0.343) | <.001 | −0.527 | (−0.709;-0.345) | <.001 | −0.524 | (−0.706;-0.342) | <.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Never married | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Currently married | −0.180 | (−0.952;0.591) | 0.647 | −0.180 | (−0.952;0.592) | 0.647 | −0.177 | (−0.949;0.595) | 0.652 | −0.169 | (−0.939;0.602) | 0.668 |
| Others | −0.580 | (−1.368;0.209) | 0.149 | −0.579 | (−1.368;0.209) | 0.15 | −0.577 | (−1.366;0.211) | 0.151 | −0.556 | (−1.344;0.231) | 0.166 |
| Caste | ||||||||||||
| Unreserved | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Reserved | −0.534 | (-0.690;0.378) | <.001 | −0.536 | (−0.693;0.380) | <.001 | −0.535 | (−0.691;0.379) | <.001 | −0.541 | (−0.697;0.385) | <.001 |
| Completed education | ||||||||||||
| No formal | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Primary | 1.569 | (1.375;1.762) | <.001 | 1.570 | (1.376;1.764) | <.001 | 1.562 | (1.369;1.756) | <.001 | 1.566 | (1.373;1.759) | <.001 |
| Secondary | 2.718 | (2.484;2.952) | <.001 | 2.719 | (2.485;2.953) | <.001 | 2.717 | (2.483;2.951) | <.001 | 2.722 | (2.489;2.956) | <.001 |
| College | 3.819 | (3.441;4.196) | <.001 | 3.819 | (3.441;4.197) | <.001 | 3.823 | (3.445;4.201) | <.001 | 3.836 | (3.458;4.213) | <.001 |
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Medium | 0.618 | (0.430;0.807) | <.001 | 0.618 | (0.430;0.807) | <.001 | 0.621 | (0.433;0.810) | <.001 | 0.626 | (0.438;0.814) | <.001 |
| High | 1.176 | (0.967;1.384) | <.001 | 1.176 | (0.967;1.385) | <.001 | 1.175 | (0.967;1.384) | <.001 | 1.177 | (0.969;1.386) | <.001 |
| Work status | ||||||||||||
| Never worked | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Retired | 0.311 | (0.086;0.537) | 0.007 | 0.249 | (−0.323;0.821) | 0.393 | 0.310 | (0.084;0.536) | <.01 | −0.042 | (–0.373;0.289) | 0.803 |
| Presently working | 0.445 | (0.213;0.677) | <.001 | 0.375 | (0.189;0.940) | 0.193 | 0.441 | (0.209;0.674) | <.001 | 0.274 | (–0.088;0.635) | 0.138 |
| Social participation | ||||||||||||
| Lesser | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Sometimes | 0.330 | (0.140;0.520) | <.001 | 0.329 | (0.139;0.519) | <.001 | 0.511 | (0.197;0.825) | <.001 | −0.149 | (−0.462;0.163) | 0.348 |
| More | 0.842 | (0.633;1.051) | <.001 | 0.841 | (0.632;1.050) | <.001 | 0.923 | (0.631;1.215) | <.001 | 1.034 | (0.585;1.484) | <.001 |
| Depression | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.254 | (0.003;0.505) | <.05 | 0.254 | (0.003;0.505) | <.05 | 0.258 | (0.007;0.509) | <.01 | 0.249 | (−0.002;0.499) | 0.051 |
| WHODAS score | ||||||||||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Medium | −0.327 | (−0.514;-0.141) | <.001 | −0.328 | (−0.514;-0.141) | <.001 | −0.329 | (−0.515;-0.142) | <.001 | −0.324 | (−0.511;-0.138) | <.001 |
| High | −0.937 | (−1.139;-0.735) | <.001 | −0.939 | (−1.142;-0.737) | <.001 | −0.934 | (−1.136;-0.732) | <.001 | −0.936 | (−1.138;-0.734) | <.001 |
| Working X gender | ||||||||||||
| Never work X male | Ref | |||||||||||
| Retired X female | 0.065 | (−0.570;0.700) | 0.842 | |||||||||
| Presently working X female | 0.089 | (−0.539;0.717) | 0.78 | |||||||||
| Social participation X gender | ||||||||||||
| Lesser X male | Ref | |||||||||||
| Sometimes X female | −0.294 | (−0.688;0.099) | 0.142 | |||||||||
| More X female | −0.056 | (−0.489;0.377) | 0.799 | |||||||||
| Work X social participation | ||||||||||||
| Never work X lesser | Ref | |||||||||||
| Retired X sometimes | 0.904 | (0.440;1.368) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Retired X more | −0.009 | (−0.568;-0.551) | 0.976 | |||||||||
| Presently working X sometimes | 0.582 | (0.126;1.038) | <.05 | |||||||||
| Presently working X more | −0.211 | (−0.757;0.335) | 0.448 | |||||||||
| Constant | −0.682 | −0.615 | −0.777 | −0.554 | ||||||||
| R2 | 0.378 | 0.378 | 0.379 | 0.381 | ||||||||
| Number of observations | 5212 | 5212 | 5212 | 5212 | ||||||||
| F statistics | 166.3 | 150.4 | 150.6 | 138.6 | ||||||||
Ref Reference Category