Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics, tumor growth rates, and mortality outcomes in patients with or without metastasis
| Characteristic | Overall | No mets | Mets | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=69 | n=46 | n=23 | ||
| Mean (SD) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age years (range 56–92) | 75.5 (8) | 76.6 (8.3) | 73.2 (6.8) | 0.1023 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 (range 6− >120) | 57.5 (23) | 60.4 (20.3) | 51 (27.6) | 0.14 |
| Tumour size, cm (range 4–17.6) | 5.7 (2.2) | 5.25 (1.41) | 6.5 (3.1) | 0.024 |
| Growth rate, cm/year (range 0.33–2.57) | 0.82 (1.2) | 0.67 (1.1) | 1.13 (1.2) | 0.12 |
| Followup, months (range 6–118) | 28.4 (28) | 30.4 (32) | 24.8 (21.7) | 0.44 |
|
| ||||
| n (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Male | 40 (58) | 28 (60) | 12 (52) | 0.60 |
| ASA | - | |||
| 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 2 | 10 (15) | 9 (20) | 1 (3) | 0.15 |
| 3 | 37(54) | 24 (52) | 13 (57) | 0.80 |
| 4 | 21 (31) | 12 (26) | 9 (40) | 0.28 |
| Smoker | 38 (55) | 26 (57) | 12 (52) | 0.80 |
| Solitary kidney | 4 (6) | 1 (2) | 3 (13) | 0.10 |
| Symptomatic | 18 (26) | 10 (22) | 8 (35) | 0.80 |
| Stage | ||||
| T1b | 60 (87) | 43 (94) | 17 (74) | 0.051 |
| T2a | 4 (6) | 1 (2) | 3 (13) | 0.104 |
| T2b | 5 (7) | 2 (4) | 3 (13) | 0.32 |
| Biopsy* | 21 (31) | 10 (22) | 11 (48) | 0.0501 |
| Intervention | ||||
| Radical nephrectomy | 10 (15) | 10 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.025 |
| Partial nephrectomy | 2 (3) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| Embolization | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0.33 |
| Pathology | 28 | 17 | ||
| Clear-cell | 23 (82) | 12 (71) | 11 (100) | 0.104 |
| Undifferentiated | 3 (11) | 3 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| Papillary | 1 (3.5) | 1 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Multilocular cystic | 1 (3.5) | 1 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Overall mortality | 35 (51) | 17 (37) | 18 (78) | 0.002 |
| Cancer-specific mortality | 17 (25) | 8 (17) | 9 (40) | 0.07 |
*
Kidney or metastatic site.
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD: standard deviation.