Table 1.

The authors’ core principles of co‐production: drawn from key principles defined by INVOLVE7 & Roper and Grey11

Authors	INVOLVE7	Roper and Grey11
1. Establishing effective partnerships	(1) Sharing of power: the research is jointly owned and people work together to achieve a joint understanding (2) Including all perspectives and skills: make sure the research team includes all those who can make a contribution (3) Respecting and valuing the knowledge of all those working together on the research: everyone is of equal importance (4) Reciprocity: everybody benefits from working together (5) Building and maintaining relationships: an emphasis on relationships is key to sharing power. There needs to be joint understanding and consensus and clarity over roles and responsibilities. It is also important to value people and unlock their potential.	(1) Consumers are partners from the outset: consumers are involved in setting the priorities and agenda and making decisions from the very beginning
2a. Building and maintaining relationships with organizations and communities 2b. Developing individual relationships through flexibility and reflection 2a and 2b through: Reciprocity Power‐sharing Inclusion of all perspectives and skills Valuing knowledge of all partners		(2) Power differentials are acknowledged, explored and addressed: Co‐production means that the more powerful partners relinquish power and support empowering environments for others. Using a co‐production methodology means the balance of power is challenged and consumers can exert influence
3. Developing skills, capacity and opportunities for personal growth		(3) Consumer leadership and capacity are developed: Co‐production is a mechanism for learning and developing knowledge. A genuine partnership builds the capacity and harnesses the knowledge and skills of everyone involved