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. 2019 Sep 4;9:313. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00313

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Copyright © 2019 Hews, Cho, Rowley and Raivio.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The Cpx response is involved in the pathogenesis of several Gram-negative bacteria. The Cpx response regulates many different processes related to the pathogenesis of several different organisms, such as Escherichia coli (A), Salmonella enterica (B), Vibrio cholerae (C), and Yersinia spp. (D). Cpx regulation not only regulates the assembly of envelope-localized virulence determinants but also several other processes that impact envelope integrity and affect the ability of bacteria to colonize hosts. Proposed positive regulation is indicated by regular arrows, whereas blunt arrows represent negative regulation. Dashed lines indicate where regulation is indirect.