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. 2019 Sep 4;10:999. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00999

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Neferine induces GLUT4 expression in L6 cells by promoting phosphorylation of the PKC and AMPK signaling pathways. (A) Neferine induces an increase (∼1.9-fold at 50 µM, ∼2.5-fold at 100 µM, ∼3.0-fold at 150 µM) in PKC phosphorylation levels after 30 min in a dose-dependent manner. 200 nM PMA (positive control) also increases PKC phosphorylation levels (∼1.8-fold). (B) Neferine increases AMPK phosphorylation (∼1.3-fold at 50 µM, ∼1.6-fold at 100 µM, ∼2.0-fold at 150 µM) in a dose-dependent manner. 100 μg/ml Metformin (positive control) also increases AMPK phosphorylation (∼1.5-fold). (C) Akt phosphorylation is not significantly affected after treatment with 50 µM, 100 µM, or 150 µM neferine. Insulin, however, increases Akt phosphorylation levels. NS P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.