Table 1.
Characteristics by food insecurity (FI) transition among older adults who smoked in 2012, 2012 to 2014a,b
| FI Transition 2012 to 2014 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Not FI n = 1,559 |
Initially FI in 2012 n = 185 |
Became FI in 2014 n = 174 |
Remained FI in 2014 n = 279 |
Pc |
| Age, mean (95% CI) | 62.1 (61.5, 62.8) | 60.0 (59.1, 60.9) | 59.4 (58.1, 60.7) | 59.5 (58.6, 60.5) | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.002 | ||||
| Male | 733 (76.5) | 95 (9.1) | 72 (6.6) | 99 (7.8) | |
| Female | 826 (71.2) | 90 (7.7) | 102 (7.3) | 180 (13.7) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 965 (78.8) | 77 (7.4) | 66 (5.4) | 107 (8.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 377 (60.5) | 75 (12.1) | 65 (9.9) | 125 (17.5) | |
| Other | 217 (61.8) | 33 (9.2) | 43 (12.7) | 47 (16.4) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||||
| Married | 747 (81.3) | 58 (6.5) | 23 (7.4) | 71 (5.8) | |
| Separated or divorced | 347 (66.2) | 51 (9.6) | 51 (8.4) | 93 (15.8) | |
| Widowed | 205 (70.3) | 21 (7.6) | 69 (6.4) | 40 (14.7) | |
| Single or never married | 260 (68.4) | 55 (11.5) | 31 (6.1) | 75 (14.0) | |
| Educational attainmentd | 0.003 | ||||
| < High school | 1,719 (77.0) | 187 (7.1) | 160 (6.8) | 195 (9.1) | |
| High school degree or above | 10,000 (90.7) | 449 (3.6) | 370 (2.8) | 386 (3.0) | |
| Income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), mean (95% CI) | 4.6 (4.2, 5.1) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | <0.001 |
| Work status | <0.001 | ||||
| Do not work for income | 892 (68.9) | 125 (9.3) | 118 (7.9) | 205 (13.8) | |
| Work for income | 667 (80.0) | 60 (7.2) | 56 (5.8) | 74 (7.0) | |
| Retirement status | 0.42 | ||||
| Not retired | 703 (75.2) | 84 (8.7) | 77 (6.3) | 128 (9.7) | |
| Partially or fully retired | 856 (72.5) | 101 (8.1) | 97 (7.6) | 151 (11.9) | |
| Divorced or widowed in 2014 | 0.002 | ||||
| No | 74 (67.2) | 11 (10.1) | 15 (16.9) | 10 (5.8) | |
| Yes | 1,485 (74.2) | 174 (8.3) | 159 (6.4) | 269 (11.1) | |
| IPR change in 2014, mean (95% CI) | −0.5 (−0.8, −0.1) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.4) | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.3) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) | 0.041 |
| Employment transition in 2014 | 0.22 | ||||
| No | 1,320 (74.8) | 152 (7.8) | 140 (6.8) | 222 (10.5) | |
| Yes | 239 (68.6) | 33 (11.2) | 34 (7.8) | 57 (12.4) | |
| New health diagnosis in 2014e | 0.24 | ||||
| No | 1,204 (75.0) | 138 (8.4) | 125 (6.4) | 200 (10.1) | |
| Yes | 355 (70.0) | 47 (8.2) | 49 (8.7) | 79 (13.1) | |
| Smoking cessation in 2014 | 0.023 | ||||
| No | 1,297 (74.4) | 156 (8.7) | 133 (6.0) | 227 (10.9) | |
| Yes | 262 (71.0) | 29 (7.0) | 41 (11.7) | 52 (10.3) | |
| Change in smoking consumptionf | 0.22 | ||||
| Same | 541 (77.4) | 65 (8.9) | 49 (4.9) | 76 (8.8) | |
| More | 333 (72.5) | 32 (6.9) | 35 (7.5) | 66 (13.2) | |
| Fewer | 685 (71.6) | 88 (8.7) | 90 (8.4) | 137 (11.3) | |
a
Data come from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and cell values represent column percentages unless otherwise indicated
b
All variables assessed in 2012 unless otherwise indicated
c
X2 or F test
d
Assessed during initial HRS enrollment wave
e
Additional number of chronic conditions in 2014 vs. 2012
f
Number of cigarettes per day in 2014 vs. 2012