Table 1.
Reported frequencies of thrombosis associated with pancreatic cancer
| Study type | No. of patients | Frequency N (%) | Population | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venous thrombosis | ||||
| Retrospective | 28 patients | 57% (patients) | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 103 |
| 19 autopsy | 47% (autopsy) | |||
| Retrospective | 380 | 14% | Histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma 1949–1972 | 104 |
| Review | 94 pancreatic cancer/541 cancer-associated thrombosis | 17.4% of cancer-associated thrombosis | Pancreatic malignancy | 105 |
| Retrospective | 130 | 9 (6.9%) | Consecutive pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 106 |
| Autopsy series | 154 | 19.4% | Consecutive autopsies 1952–1992 | 107 |
| Retrospective | 41,551 | 488 (11.7%) | Based on hospital discharge diagnoses 1988–1990 | 108 |
| Retrospective | 40 | 17.6% | Pancreatic cancer | 109 |
| Retrospective | 438 | 12.1% | Included hospitalised neutropenic patients 1995–2002 | 110 |
| Autopsy series | 441 | 42% | Consecutive autopsies 1970–1982 | 111 |
| Retrospective | 202 | Incidence rate 108.3/1000 patient-years | Consecutive patients admitted with pancreatic cancer 1990–2000 | 9 |
| Retrospective | 90 | 24 (26.7%) | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 112 |
| Retrospective | 227 | 59 (26%) | Consecutive unresectable pancreatic cancer 2001–2004 | 12 |
| Retrospective | 201 | 58 (28.9%) | Pancreatic cancer | 113 |
| Retrospective | 135 | 40 pts (29.6%) | Consecutive pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients 2006–2009 | 15 |
| Retrospective | 1915 | 690 (36%) | Patients receiving chemotherapy with invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer 2000–2009 | 8 |
| Retrospective | 162 | 28 (17.2%) | Consecutive pancreatic adenocarcinoma 2004–2012 | 14 |
| Retrospective | 475 | 45 (9.5%) | Consecutive pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy 1999–2015 | 11 |
| Catheter-related thrombosis | ||||
| Retrospective | 1915 | 9 (0.5%) 1.3% of all thrombotic events | All patients receiving chemotherapy with invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer 2000–2009 | 9 |
| Retrospective | 162 | 4 (2.5%) 14.3% of all thrombotic events | All patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma 2004–2012 | 14 |
| Visceral vein thrombosis | ||||
| Retrospective | 83 | 6 (7.2%) | Study to determine prevalence of asymptomatic thrombosis on staging CT scans in consecutive series of patients | 114 |
| Retrospective | 135 |
31 patients (22.9%) 38.3% portal vein 29.8% splenic vein 27.7% mesenteric vein 2.1% hepatic vein 2.1% gonadal vein |
Consecutive pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients 2006–2009 | 15 |
| Retrospective | 70 | 26 (38.6%) | Consecutive post-surgical patients with pancreatic exocrine cancer | 115 |
| Retrospective | 83 | 26 (27.9%) splenic vein thrombosis | Consecutive patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma 1996–2011 | 116 |
| Prospective | 136 solid cancer | 12 (8%) pancreatic cancer | 600 consecutive patients with visceral thrombosis 2008–2014 | 16 |
| Retrospective | 1115 | 132 (11.8) | Consecutive pancreatic adenocarcinoma 2005–2010 (electronic medical records) Korean population | 117 |
| Retrospective | 1484 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
95 (6.4%) 45% portal vein 17% splenic vein 26% mesenteric vein 8% gonadal vein 2% hepatic vein |
Consecutive patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and visceral thrombosis 2013–2015 | 17 |
| Arterial thrombosis | ||||
| Retrospective | 438 | 1.6% | Included hospitalised neutropenic patients 1995–2002 | 110 |
| Retrospective | 1915 | 30 (1.6%) | Patients receiving chemotherapy with invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer 2000–2009 | 9 |
| Retrospective | 112 | SIR 2 (95% CI 1.64–2.4) | Patients with a diagnosis of cancer 1987–2008 hospitalised for coronary heart disease | 118 |
| Retrospective | 90 | SIR 2.2 (95% CI 1.8–2.7) | Patients with a diagnosis of cancer 1987–2008 hospitalised for haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke | 119 |
| Retrospective | 475 | 12 (2.5%) | Consecutive pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy 1999–2015 | 11 |
| Retrospective matched-cohort | 12,279 |
6-month cumulative incidence 5.9% MI 2.6% Ischaemic stroke 3.8% |
Patients with a new diagnosis of pancreatic cancer 2002–2011 | 18 |
SIR standardised incidence ratio (calculated as the ratio of observed and expected number of coronary heart disease cases), pts patients, CI confidence intervals, CT computed tomography, MI myocardial infarction