3. Head‐to‐head trials: withdrawals due to adverse events.

Drug 1 vs drug 2	Drug 1		Drug 2		RR (95% CI)
	Events	Total	Events	Total
Disopyramide vs other class I drugs
Lloyd 1984	2	29	4	28	0.48 (0.10 to 2.43)
PRODIS 1996	4	31	8	25	0.40 (0.14 to 1.19)
Quinidine vs flecainide
Naccarelli 1996	35	117	22	122	1.66 (1.04 to 2.65)
Steinbeck 1988	2	15	0	15	5.00 (0.26 to 96.13)
Quinidine vs other class I drugs
Lloyd 1984	4	28	2	29	2.07 (0.41 to 10.43)
Naccarelli 1996	35	117	22	122	1.66 (1.04 to 2.65)
Richiardi 1992	23	98	10	102	2.39 (1.20 to 4.77)
Steinbeck 1988	2	15	0	15	5.00 (0.26 to 96.13)
Quinidine vs sotalol
Hohnloser 1995	10	25	1	25	10.00 (1.38 to 72.39)
Juul‐Moller 1990	22	85	11	98	2.31 (1.19 to 4.47)
Kalusche 1994	7	41	3	41	2.33 (0.65 to 8.40)
PAFAC 2004	94	377	96	383	0.99 (0.78 to 1.27)
SOCESP 1999	10	63	7	58	1.32 (0.54 to 3.23)
SOPAT 2004	87	518	53	264	0.84 (0.62 to 1.14)
Flecainide vs propafenone
Aliot 1996	2	48	9	49	0.23 (0.05 to 1.00)
FAPIS 1996	10	97	9	103	1.18 (0.50 to 2.78)
Amiodarone vs class I drugs
AFFIRM Substudy 2003	20	154	47	121	0.33 (0.21 to 0.53)
Kochiadakis 2004a	17	72	2	74	8.74 (2.09 to 36.46)
PITAGORA 2008	5	70	2	31	1.11 (0.23 to 5.40)
Villani 1992	3	35	10	41	0.35 (0.10 to 1.18)
Vitolo 1981	1	28	1	26	0.93 (0.06 to 14.09)
Amiodarone vs dronedarone
DIONYSOS 2010	45	255	32	249	1.37 (0.90 to 2.09)
Amiodarone vs sotalol
AFFIRM Substudy 2003	20	154	21	135	0.83 (0.47 to 1.47)
Kochiadakis 2000	11	65	3	61	3.44 (1.01 to 11.75)
Niu 2006	5	51	7	51	0.71 (0.24 to 2.10)
PITAGORA 2008	6	70	0	31	5.86 (0.34 to 100.89)
Vijayalakshmi 2006	1	22	4	33	0.38 (0.04 to 3.14)
Sotalol vs class I drugs other than quinidine
AFFIRM Substudy 2003	21	135	47	121	0.40 (0.25 to 0.63)
Kochiadakis 2004b	5	85	5	86	1.01 (0.30 to 3.37)
Reimold 1993	6	50	4	50	1.50 (0.45 to 4.99)
Sotalol vs dofetilide
EMERALD 2000	16	108	22	321	2.16 (1.18 to 3.96)
Sotalol vs other beta‐blockers
DAPHNE 2008	11	69	2	66	5.26 (1.21 to 22.84)
Plewan 2001	4	64	3	64	1.33 (0.31 to 5.72)

CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio.