DAFNE 2003.

Methods	RCT Double‐blind Loss to follow‐up reported: no
Participants	Persistent AF (mean duration: 3 months). n = 199 Men: 70% Age (mean): 63 years Structural heart disease: NS. LAD: 45 mm. LVEF: 55%
Interventions	Dronedarone various doses (800 mg/day, 1200 mg/day, 1600 mg/day) vs placebo Method of AF cardioversion: pharmacological 15%, electrical 85% Warfarin discretionary
Outcomes	At 6 months: Mortality Proarrhythmia Adverse effects AF recurrence
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method used for randomisation not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of concealment not detailed.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Reported as a double‐blind trial, but no details provided.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Withdrawals because adverse events were reported, but other dropouts or lost to follow‐up were not well detailed.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All prespecified outcomes and main outcomes of interest were adequately reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias apparent.