SMART 2002.

Methods	RCT Double‐blind Loss to follow‐up reported: no
Participants	Symptomatic paroxysmal AF having > 1 episode monthly (59%) or persistent AF lasting < 1 month (41%). n = 94 Men: 72% Age (mean): 60 (SD 12) years Structural heart disease: NS. LAD: NS. LVEF: NS
Interventions	Aprindine 40 mg/day vs placebo Method of AF cardioversion: pharmacological 50%, electrical 50% Warfarin discretionary
Outcomes	At 6 months: Mortality Proarrhythmia Adverse effects AF recurrence
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated randomisation list.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Central allocation, after inclusion, using a randomisation list common to all centres.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind study. Matching placebo capsules and tablets identical in size, weight, colour and taste.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Withdrawals well described but unclear whether additional participants were lost to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All prespecified outcomes were reported in the prespecified manner.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias apparent.