Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Sep 4;10:2008. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02008

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Souza, Baltazar, Carregal, Gouveia-Eufrasio, Oliveira, Dias, Rocha, Miranda, Malavazi, Santos, Frézard, Souza, Teixeira and Soriani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

EVs are able to stimulate cytokines and chemokines production by macrophages. 5 × 10⁴ macrophages were stimulated with 0.4 μg of A. fumigatus EVs. Secretion of inflammatory mediators TNF-α (A), CCL2 (B), IFN-γ (C), and IL-10 (D) were quantified. Cells pre-incubated with EVs were challenged with 5 × 10⁵ (MOI 10:1) conidia of A. fumigatus for 4 and 6 h. Production of inflammatory mediators TNF-α (E), CCL2 (F), IFN-γ (G), and IL-10 (H), during in vitro challenge with A. fumigatus, were quantified. Data are representative of three experiments. ^∗Represents statistically differences between the indicated groups (p < 0.05) as determined by One Way-ANOVA and two-sample independent t-tests.