Table 2.

Randomized phase II, phase III clinical trials of early/intermediate stage HCC

Target population	Design	Trial name	Result	Presentation	Publication	First author
Early
Adjuvant (prevention of recurrence)	1	Vitamin K2 vs. placebo		Negative		Hepatology 2011	Yoshida H
	2	Peretinoin vs. placebo	NIK-333	Negative	ASCO 2010	JG 2014	Okita K
	3	Sorafenib vs. placebo	STORM	Negative	ASCO 2014	Lancet-O 2015	Bruix J
	4	Peretinoin vs. placebo	NIK-333/K-333	Negative
	5	Nivolumab vs. placebo	CheckMate 9DX	Ongoing
	6	Durvalumab ±bevacizumab vs. placebo	EMERALD-2	Ongoing
Improvement of RFA	1	RFA ± LTLD	HEAT	Negative	ILCA 2013	CCR 2017	Tak WY
	2	RFA ± LTLD	OPTIMA
Intermediate
Improvement of TACE	1	TACE ± sorafenib	Post-TACE	Negative	ASCO-GI 2010	EJC 2011	Kudo M
	2	TACE ± sorafenib	SPACE (Ph II)	Negative	ASCO-GI 2012	J Hepatol 2016	Lencioni R
	3	TACE ± brivanib	BRISK-TA	Negative	ILCA 2013	Hepatol 2014	Kudo M
	4	TACE ± orantinib	ORIENTAL	Negative	EASL 2015	Lancet GH 2017	Kudo M
	5	TACE ± sorafenib	TACE-2	Negative	ASCO 2016	Lancet GH 2017	Meyer T
	6	TACE ± sorafenib	TACTICS (Ph II)	Positive	ASCO-GI 2018		Kudo M

Red, positive trial; blue, ongoing trials; black, negative trials; LTLD, lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin.