a Ground and polished sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the eggshell (ES) and its membranes, showing dissolution of the innermost portion of the ES and detachment of the membranes during incubation. Brackets, dissolved mammillary tips; asterisks, intact mammillary tips; arrows, residual membrane fibers. Scale bars, 10 µm. b Cartoon depicting the impact of the chorioallantoic membrane on ES dissolution and its predicted role in innate defense.