Fig. 3.

H. diminuta extract (HdE) elicits a reactive oxygen species (ROS) response from murine bone-marrow neutrophils. a Neutrophils (10⁵) were treated with the ROS detector 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA; 20 μM), then challenged with E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/mL) or HdE (100 μg/mL) ± polymyxin B (PmxB; 10 μg/mL) to neutralize LPS. Four hours later, ROS generation was measured as the increase in fluorescence and is presented as arbitrary units (AU). b Reduction in mitochondrial respiration induced by HdE as gauged by oxygen consumption rates (OCR), proton leak and ATP production analyzed by the Seahorse assay (data are mean ± SD; each datum point is the average of 2 neutrophil replicates from an individual mouse; * and ^# p < 0.05 compared to control [con] and LPS, respectively, by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-test).