Fig. 3.

Macrophages but not neutrophils are associated with anti-influenza effect by fmOMV. a Macrophages and neutrophils were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of lung tissue at 1 and 3 days after fmOMV injection. b The CD45⁺F4/80⁺ macrophage population was subdivided in terms of CD11b and CD11c expression. c The survival rate of macrophage- or neutrophil-depleted mice infected with pH1N1. After mice were injected with clodronate-liposome or anti-Ly6G, they were injected with fmOMV intranasally and infected with 10 LD₅₀ of pH1N1 at 3 days after fmOMV injection. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and representative of at least three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.