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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 11.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Mar 1;135:132–143. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.029

Fig. 8. Schematic illustration depicting the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CNM) on mechanistic signaling of Nrf2 in nNOS mediated gastric motility and gastric emptying in obesity/T2D female mice.

Fig. 8.

Supplementation of CNM restores delayed gastric emptying via (1) ERK/JNK/Keap-1 (2) GSK3β, MAPK, AhR, ERα and ERβ, (3) BH4 (Cofactor of nNOS) biosynthesis enzyme GCH-1 (de novo), (4) nNOSα protein & dimerization and (5) Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in WT Obese/T2D but not in Nrf2 KO female mice. The solid connections indicate the complexes are tethered through protein-protein interactions to a transcription factor complex that connects the gene promoters to execute transcription of target genes. The dotted connections indicate possible interactions between the proteins. The reversible arrows indicate possible cross talk between the proteins. Arrow indicates activation, whereas bar indicates inhibition. ↑ or ↓marks in the parenthesis indicate increase or decrease levels, respectively