Table 1. Case definition and pneumonia endpoint definitions used in the pneumonia surveillance program.

Category	Criteria
Surveillance case definition
All pneumonia	Cough or difficulty breathing, with one of the following: • an elevated respiratory rate (≥50 bpm for all ages) • oxygen saturation <90%; • lower chest wall indrawing
Pneumonia endpoint definitions
WHO-defined primary endpoint pneumonia (PEP)	End-point consolidation (dense or fluffy opacity that occupies a portion or whole of a lobe or the entire lung that may or may not contain air bronchograms) OR pleural effusion that is in the lateral pleural space and associated with pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate or if the effusion obliterated enough of the hemithorax to obscure an opacity.
Severe pneumonia (IMCI 2005 criteria [11])	Cough or difficulty breathing and tachypnoea plus • Lower chest indrawing OR • General danger sign (inability to breastfeed or drink, persistent vomiting, lethargy or reduced level of consciousness, convulsions or severe malnutrition) OR • Oxygen saturation < 90% or central cyanosis
Very severe pneumonia	Severe pneumonia with one or more of the following: • ICU admission/supplementary oxygen used • hypoxia (O2 sat < 90%)a • death • persistent signs of severe illness post-discharge • empyema

^a Only relevant for severe pneumonia cases classified based on chest indrawing or general danger sign criteria.