Table 1.

Summary of genetic targets of placebo effects

Gene name	Gene symbol	Location	SNP	Placebo pathway	References
Catechol-O-methyltransferase	COMT	22q11.2	rs4680, rs4633	Dopaminergic, serotoninergic	51
Monoamine oxidase	MAOA	Xp11.3	rs6323, rs6609257	Dopaminergic, serotoninergic	53 58
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	NR3C1	5q31.3	rs1048261	Serotoninergic, glucocorticoidergic	53
Dopamine receptor 3	DRD3	3q13.31	rs6280	Dopaminergic	60
Dopamine B hydroxylase	DBH	9q34	rs1611115	Dopaminergic	61
Brain-derived neurotropic factor	BDNF	11p14.1	rs6265	Dopaminergic	64
μ-Opioid receptor	OPRM1	6q25.2	rs1799971	Opioidergic	68
Fatty acid amide hydrolase	FAAH	1p33	rs324420	Endocannabinoidergic, opioidergic	72
5-Hydroxytryptamine transporter	SLC6A4	17q11.2	rs4251417	Serotoninergic	53
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	HTR2A	13q14.2	rs2296972, rs622337	Serotoninergic	53
Tryptophan hydroxylase-2	TPH2	12q21.1	rs4570625	Serotoninergic	73
Serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region	5-HTTLPR	17q11.2	Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR)	Serotoninergic	73

SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.