Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by sex
| Characteristic | Total (n=583) | Women (n=251) | Men (n=332) | P value* |
| Age (years), mean±SD | 58.4±12.4 | 57.0±11.4 | 59.4±13.0 | 0.021 |
| Age (years), n (%) | ||||
| ≤39 | 50 (8.6) | 18 (7.2) | 32 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| 40–54 | 155 (26.6) | 88 (35.1) | 67 (20.2) | |
| 55–64 | 179 (30.7) | 77 (30.7) | 102 (30.7) | |
| ≥65 | 199 (34.1) | 68 (27.1) | 131 (39.5) | |
| Women, n (%) | 251 (43.1) | |||
| DM medications, n (%) | 487 (83.5) | 202 (80.5) | 285 (85.8) | 0.091 |
| HbA1c (%), mean±SD | 7.85±1.93 | 7.53±1.75 | 8.09±2.02 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c≥6.5%, n (%) | 470 (80.6) | 195 (77.7) | 275 (82.8) | 0.138 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Smoking history | 108 (18.5) | 2 (0.8) | 106 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Obesity† | 276 (47.3) | 151 (60.4) | 125 (37.7) | <0.001 |
| HTN | 495 (84.9) | 209 (83.3) | 286 (86.1) | 0.352 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 534 (91.6) | 219 (87.3) | 315 (94.9) | 0.001 |
| CVD | 150 (25.7) | 33 (13.1) | 117 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 46 (7.9) | 21 (8.4) | 25 (7.5) | 0.757 |
| CKD | 89 (15.3) | 31 (12.4) | 58 (17.5) | 0.103 |
*The independent samples t-test was used to calculate p values for continuous variables, and Fisher’s exact test (2-tailed) was used to calculate p values for categorical variables.
†n=582.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HTN, hypertension.