Fig. 3.

LL-37 interaction with S. pyogenes and bacterial viability. Bacteria cultured for 30 min in the absence or presence of 1 μM biotinylated LL-37. Bacteria were detected using a bacterial viability stain that discriminates between viable (green) and dead bacteria (red). LL-37 was detected by the addition of streptavidin-Alexa 647 (white). The staining was analysed by confocal microscopy and representative images are shown. The lowest panel shows a zoom-in of the boxed area in the 1-μM LL-37-exposed bacteria image.