IRF-1 relays LPS-mediated proinflammatory signaling independent of NFκB. a Immunoblot analysis of MAVS, IRF-1, and IκBα protein levels in whole cell lysates from HUVEC transfected with different siRNAs and treated with vehicle (-) or LPS for 30 min. Actin was used as a reference for protein loading. Representative immunoblots of 3 independent experiments are shown. b Densitometric analysis of protein bands as described in Materials and Methods. Bars represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. c HUVEC transfected with siScr, siIRF-1, siMAVS, or siMAVS and siIRF-1, and then treated with vehicle (-) or LPS for 40 min were subjected to immunostaining for p65 (Rel A) protein. All images were taken with equal exposure times; original magnification ×400. d The percentage of nuclear NFκB p65 localization was quantified by analyzing at least 350 cells from each sample. Bars represent the mean ± SD and data are representative of 3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.