Table 1.
Interferon-λ polymorphisms and disease association
| SNP | Gene | Minor/major allele | Effects of the minor allele | Ethnicities implicated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs12979860a | IFN-λ3 (3 kb upsteam) | T/C | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | AA, C, H, LA | 4, 103 |
| Decreased rates of SVC | A, Eu | 42 | |||
| HSV: higher rates of recurrent/more severe herpes labialis | I | 20 | |||
| Allergic disease: greater chance of being affected by allergies | C | 87 | |||
| rs8099917 | IFN-λ3 (8.9 kb upstream) | G/T | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | Au (Eu), LA | 5, 103 |
| Decreased rates of SVC in HCV | Eu, Ch | 61, 104 | |||
| HTLV-1: development of HAM/TSP | B | 81 | |||
| CMV: lower viral replication in transplant recipients | Na | 67 | |||
| rs28416813 | IFN-λ3 (distal promoter region) | G/C | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J | 6 |
| rs8103142 | IFN-λ3 (third exon) | C/T | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J, Au | 5, 6 |
| rs4803217 | IFN-λ3 (3′ UTR) | A/C | HCV: decreased SVC in HIV/HCV co-infected patients | Eu | 105 |
| rs368234815 (ss469415590) | Frame shift expresses IFN-X4 | AG/TT | HCV: poor response to PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment (associated with lower rates of viral clearance) | AA, S | 9, 45 |
| rs11881222 | IFN-λ3 (7.5 kb upstream) | G/A | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-a and ribavirin treatment | J | 6 |
| rs4803219 | IFN-λ3 (5′ UTR) | T/C | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J | 6 |
| rs72258881 | IFN-λ3 (promoter region) | TA repeat | Number of repeats correlated with gene expression | J | 70 |
| rs8105790 | IFN-λ3 | T/C | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J, Au | 5, 6 |
| Decreased rates of SVC | Ch | 104 | |||
| rs7248668 | Upstream of IFN-λ3 | G/A | HCV: decreased effectiveness of PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J | 6 |
| rs12980275 | Downstream of IFN-λ3 | G/A | HCV: associated with NVR with PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | J, L | 6, 103 |
| Decreased rates of SVC | Ch | 104 | |||
| rs10853727a | IFN-λ3 (promoter region) | G/A | HCV: associated with NVR with PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | Au | 5 |
| rs8109886 | IFN-λ3 (promoter region) | A/C | HCV: associated with NVR with PegIFN-α/ribavirin treatment | Au | 5 |
PegIFN-a = Pegylated interferon-a; AA = African American; C = Caucasian; H = Hispanic; LA = Latin American; Eu = European; Ch = Chinese; J = Japanese; Au = Australian; I = Italian; B = Brazilian; NA = North American; A = African; S = Swiss.
a
Originally identified in the IFN-λ3 promoter.