from cryoelectron microscopy experiments and computational
modeling.4,10 The Cas9 protein (gray) is bound to a
guide RNA segment (magenta) and a matching DNA sequence (the complementary
strand is dark blue; the noncomplementary strand, light blue; and the PAM
segment, yellow). The Cas9 protein contains two nuclease domains, HNH (green)
and RuvC (pink), which cleave the complementary and noncomplementary DNA
strands, respectively.