Table 1.
Study Characteristics
Study Name | n | Intervention Type | PTSD Measure | Trauma Type | Population | Trial Type | Age (M) | Female (%) | Attrition (%) | Dx (%) | SAM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asukai et al. 2010 | 12 | PE | CAPS, IES-R | Mixed (Assault, Accident) | Civilian | RCT | 29 | 87 | 25 | NR | ITT |
Capezzani et al. 2013 | 21 | EMDR | IES-R | Mixed (Cancer) | Civilian | CCT | 53 | 90 | 0 | 95 | ITT |
Carlson et al. 1998 | 10 | EMDR | MS-Com, IES | Combat | Military | RCT | 53 | 0 | 0 | 78 | CA |
Chard et al. 2010 | 104 | CPT | CAPS, PCL-S | Combat | Military | UCT | 45 | 0 | 31 | 51 | ITT |
Devilly and Spence 1999 | 11 | EMDR | MS-Civ, IES, PSS, PTSD-I | Mixed (Sexual/Physical Assault, Accident, Disaster, War Zone) | Civilian | CCT | 40 | 72 | 55 | 36 | CA |
Ehlers et al. 2005 | 14 | CT | PSS, CAPS | Mixed (Accident, Assault, Witnessed Death) | Civilian | RCT | 55 | 37 | 0 | 71 | ITT |
Ehlers et al. 2014 | 61 | CT | CAPS, PSS | Mixed (Assault, Accident, Disaster, Witnessed Death, Other) | Civilian | RCT | 39 | 59 | 3 | 71 | ITT |
Feske 2008 | 9 | PE | PSS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 43 | 100 | 31 | NR | CA |
Foa et al. 1991 | 10 | PE | PSS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 32 | 100 | 29 | 40 | CA |
Foa et al. 1999 | 23 | PE | PSS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 35 | 100 | 8 | 60 | CA |
Foa et al. 2005 | 79 | PE | PSS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 31 | 100 | 34 | NR | ITT |
Forbes et al. 2012 | 30 | CPT | CAPS, PCL-S | Combat | Military | RCT | 53 | 4 | 30 | 38 | ITT |
Galovski et al. 2012 | 53 | CPT | PSS, CAPS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 40 | NR | 26 | 92 | ITT |
Hӧgberg et al. 2007 | 12 | EMDR | IES | Mixed (Accident, Assault) | Civilian | RCT | 43 | 21 | 0 | 67 | CA |
Lee et al. 2002 | 12 | EMDR | SIP-I, IES | Mixed (Assault, Accident, Combat, and Witnessed Death) | Civilian, Militaryd | RCT | 34 | NR | 8 | 83 | CA |
Monson et al. 2006 | 30 | CPT | CAPS, PCL-S | NRa | Military | RCT | 54 | 10 | 20 | 40 | ITT |
Nacash et al. 2010 | 15 | PE | PSS | Mixedc (Combat,Terror-related) | Military | RCT | 34 | NR | 13 | NR | ITT |
Nijdam et al. 2012 | 70 | EMDR | SIP-I, IES-R | Mixed (Assault, Accident, Disaster, War-related, Other) | Civilian | CCT | 38 | 51 | 36 | 66 | ITT |
Popiel et al. 2015 | 114 | PE | PSS-SR | Mixed (Accident) | Civilian | CCT | 40 | 21 | 18 | 66 | ITT |
Power et al. 2002 | 27 | EMDR | SIP-SR, IES | Mixed (Accident, Assault, Traumatic Death, Real or Implied Physical Threat, Other) | Civilian | RCT | 39 | 42 | 31 | NR | CA |
Rauch et al. 2009 | 10 | PE | PSS | Mixedb (Combat; MST/Assault) | Military | UCT | 39 | 20 | 0 | NR | ITT |
Rauch et al. 2015 | 11 | PE | CAPS | Combat | Military | CCT | 32 | 8 | 39 | NR | CA |
Resick et al. 2002 | 124 | PE, CPT | CAPS, PSS | Assault | Civilian | RCT | 32 | 100 | 27 | 53 | ITT |
Resick et al. 2008 | 100 | CPT | PSS, CAPS | Assault | Civilian | CCT | 35 | 100 | 24 | 60 | ITT |
Schnurr et al. 2007* | 141 | PE | CAPS, PCL-S | Mixedc (Assault, Combat, Other) | Military | RCT | 44 | 100 | 38 | 39 | ITT |
Surís et al. 2013 | 52 | CPT | CAPS, PCL-S | MST/Assault | Military | RCT | 46 | 85 | 35 | NR | ITT |
Thorp et al. 2012 | 8 | PE | CAPS, IES-R | Mixedb (Combat; MST; Accident) | Military | Quasi | 63 | 0 | 0 | 88 | CA |
Tuerk et al. 2011 | 65 | PE | PCL-M | Combat | Military | UCT | 32 | 11 | 34 | 49 | ITT |
Note. Total N = 1,228; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; RCT = randomized controlled trial; UCT = uncontrolled trial; CCT = comparative clinical trial; Quasi = quasi-randomized controlled trial; M = mean; % = percentage; Dx = PTSD diagnosis at posttreatment; SAM= statistical analysis method; ITT = intent to treat; CA = completer; PE = prolonged exposure; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; CT = cognitive therapy; EMDR = eye movement desensitization reprocessing; CAPS = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; IES(-R) = Impact of Events Scale (-Revised); MS (-Com or -Civ) = Mississippi Scale for PTSD (-Combat or -Civilian); PCL (-S or -M) = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (-Specific or -Military); PSS (-SR) = Posttraumatic Stress Scale Interview (-Self Report); PTSD-I = PTSD Interview; SIP (-I or -SR) = Structured Interview for PTSD (-Interview or -Self Report); NR = not reported.
The study sample was excluded from trauma type analysis because trauma type was not indicated and author did not respond through correspondence.
The study sample included some participants with non-combat traumas, but only the participants with combat trauma were included in the trauma type analysis due to small n in other trauma type categories (Rauch et al., 2009: n = 8; Thorp et al., 2012: n = 5);
The study sample was separated by trauma type in analysis for reasons described in the Methods section; studies with a trauma type category defined as “Mixed” without a superscript were not separated by trauma type in trauma type analysis.
Denotes the study sample was separated by population type for population analysis.
study was identified as an outlier based on SAM-D statistic.