Male wild-type (WT, white bars) and PAR4−/− (ΔPAR4, black bars) mice were infected with CVB3. Levels of IFNβ (A), CXCL10 (B), CCL5 (C) CXCL1 (D) and MCP1 (E) in the heart before and 4 days after infection were quantified by ELISA. CVB3 genomes in the heart (F) measured by RT-PCR and plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (G) measured by ELISA 8 days after infection. H) Heart weight to tibia length as marker for cardiac hypertrophy 28 days after CVB3 infection. I) Cardiac function shown as fractional shortening were measured by echocardiography before and 28 after CVB3 infection. J) IgG2a serum levels were analyzed by ELISA before and 8 days after CVB3 infection. Data (mean ± SEM, N>4) were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (A-E, I and J) or by Student’s t-test (F-H) * P<0.05, # P<0.05 versus day 0 within the same genotype.