Table 2:
Odds of Smoking Cessation from Random-Effects Meta-Analysis of Trials with Smokers Potentially Eligible for Lung Screening Based on 7-day Point Prevalence of Abstinence at 6-Months and 12-Months by Primary Intervention Type
| Electronic/We b-Based |
In-Person Counseling |
Pharmacother apy |
Telephone Counseling |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | OR (95% CI) |
I2 (% )* |
n | OR (95% CI) |
I2 (% )* |
n | OR (95% CI) |
I2 (% )* |
n | OR (95% CI) |
I2 (% )* |
|
| Overall at 6-Months | 25 | 1.14 (1.03-1.25) | 57.2 | 20 | 1.46 (1.25-1.70) | 24.7 | 25 | 1.53 (1.33-1.77) | 73.7 | 9 | 1.21 (0.98-1.50) | 74.4 |
| Without Pharmacotherapy | 17 | 1.13 (1.01-1.26) | 53.7 | 3 | 1.16 (0.84-1.62) | 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 1.37 (1.02-1.85) | 77.5 |
| With Pharmacotherapy | 8 | 1.13 (0.92-1.40) | 60.3 | 17 | 1.54 (1.29-1.83) | 30.3 | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 1.05 (0.89-1.24) | 0.0 |
| Single Modality | 7 | 1.15 (0.97-1.35) | 55.5 | 2 | 1.22 (0.83-1.78) | 0.0 | 4 | 1.87 (1.47-2.39) | 53.9 | 2 | 1.07 (0.84-1.37) | 16.0 |
| Multi-Modality | 18 | 1.13 (1.00-1.28) | 58.2 | 18 | 1.51 (1.27-1.79) | 29.7 | 21 | 1.47 (1.26-1.71) | 70.1 | 7 | 1.27 (0.98-1.65) | 72.2 |
| Minimal or No Intervention Control | 13 | 1.19 (1.04-1.37) | 43.1 | 8 | 1.57 (1.10-2.25) | 54.2 | 8 | 1.80 (1.28-2.54) | 84.8 | 6 | 1.38 (1.08-1.78) | 69.9 |
| Active Control | 12 | 1.09 (0.95-1.26) | 67.8 | 12 | 1.44 (1.23-1.69) | 0.0 | 17 | 1.42 (1.24-1.62) | 56.9 | 3 | 0.98 (0.78-1.23) | 34.0 |
| Biochemically Verified Results | 7 | 1.31 (0.93-1.83) | 65.6 | 16 | 1.44 (1.20-1.73) | 31.4 | 19 | 1.55 (1.33-1.81) | 69.0 | 2 | 1.52 (0.92-2.49) | 89.6 |
| Self-Reported Results | 20 | 1.16 (1.05-1.29) | 62.3 | 9 | 1.75 (1.40-2.17) | 22.0 | 12 | 1.51 (1.23-1.86) | 78.5 | 7 | 1.10 (0.94-1.30) | 24.9 |
| High Quality | 22 | 1.11 (1.01-1.23) | 57.8 | 16 | 1.44 (1.24-1.67) | 0.0 | 24 | 1.53 (1.32-1.77) | 74.6 | 8 | 1.22 (0.97-1.53) | 77.4 |
| Low Quality | 3 | 1.56 (1.02-2.38) | 34.3 | 4 | 1.68 (0.96-2.96) | 72.0 | 1 | 1.66 (1.20-2.28) | . † | 1 | 1.13 (0.62-2.04) | . † |
| No Conflict of Interest Reported | 22 | 1.14 (1.02-1.28) | 62.0 | 18 | 1.50 (1.27-1.78) | 27.7 | 16 | 1.34 (1.19-1.51) | 46.8 | 9 | 1.21 (0.98-1.50) | 74.4 |
| Conflict of Interest Reported | 3 | 1.17 (1.04-1.32) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.22 (0.82-1.82) | 0.0 | 9 | 2.01 (1.46-2.77) | 82.1 | NA ‡ | NA ‡ | NA ‡ |
| Studies With >50% Enrollment | 14 | 1.16 (1.02-1.31) | 64.3 | 11 | 1.48 (1.19-1.84) | 36.0 | 13 | 1.50 (1.25-1.80) | 70.4 | 8 | 1.22 (0.97-1.53) | 77.4 |
| Studies With <50% Enrollment | 4 | 1.35 (0.96-1.92) | 58.3 | 5 | 1.35 (1.05-1.74) | 0.0 | 8 | 1.43 (1.16-1.77) | 58.7 | 1 | 1.13 (0.62-2.04) | . † |
| Overall at 12-Months | 8 | 1.02 (0.89-1.18) | 36.1 | 15 | 1.28 (1.09-1.51) | 16.8 | 11 | 1.46 (1.17-1.84) | 67.3 | 10 | 1.08 (0.95-1.24) | 33.4 |
| Biochemically Verified Results | 3 | 0.84 (0.60-1.67) | 0.0 | 12 | 1.31 (1.10-1.56) | 24.3 | 11 | 1.46 (1.17-1.84) | 67.3 | 1 | 0.86 (0.59-1.25) | . † |
| Self-Reported Results | 5 | 1.06 (0.90-1.26) | 54.6 | 5 | 1.32 (1.04-1.67) | 0.0 | 1 | 1.32 (0.93-1.86) | . † | 10 | 1.08 (0.95-1.24) | 34.1 |
*
The I2 statistic is a measure of heterogeneity that describes the percentage of variation across studies not due to chance.
†
The I2 cannot be calculated for a single intervention in a given group.
‡
No telephone counseling interventions reported a conflict of interest.