Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without adverse left ventricle remodeling.
| Variables | No LVR (n = 35) | LVR (n = 22) | t* or Z** or χ2*** | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male) | 27 (79.40%) | 16 (72.70%) | 0.355*** | 0.563 |
| Age (years) | 63.37 ± 10.03 | 62.55 ± 9.10 | 0.313* | 0.755 |
| Time of pain onset (hours) | 10.00 (3.00–20.00) | 14.00 (7.00–20.5) | 1.709** | 0.089 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (20%) | 13 (59%) | 9.063*** | 0.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (8.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0.000*** | 1.000 |
| Arterial hypertension | 21 (60.0%) | 15 (68.2%) | 0.389*** | 0.553 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia | 13 (37.1%) | 6 (27.3%) | 0.592*** | 0.442 |
| Smoking habit | 13 (62.80%) | 8 (63.6%) | 0.004*** | 0.953 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 27.75 ± 3.7 | 28.57 ± 3.01 | 0.888* | 0.378 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 78.40 ± 14.60 | 72.95 ± 19.25 | 1.211* | 0.231 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 133.28 ± 23.51 | 125.59 ± 33.54 | 1.018* | 0.313 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 75.09 ± 13.81 | 74.23 ± 15.45 | 0.218* | 0.828 |
| STEMI | 22 (62.9%) | 13 (59.1%) | 0.081*** | 0.780 |
| AV block | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0.174*** | 0.553 |
| VF/VT | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (9.1%) | 0.028*** | 0.695 |
| Artery with culprit lesion | 12 (37.1%) | 10 (45.5%) | 3.570*** | 0.312 |
| LAD stenosis (%) | 60.00 (50.00–100.00) | 42.50 (0.00–99.25) | 0.008** | 0.993 |
| LCx stenosis (%) | 70.00 (50.00–99.00) | 70.00 (0.00–75.00) | 1.008** | 0.313 |
| RCA stenosis (%) | 60.00 (40.00–80.00) | 99.50 (75.00–100.00) | 1.290** | 0.197 |
| One-vessel disease | 6 (17.10%) | 6 (27.30%) | 0.336*** | 0.506 |
| Two-vessel disease | 16 (45.70%) | 5 (22.70%) | 3.086*** | 0.080 |
| Multi-vessel disease | 15 (42.90%) | 11 (50.00%) | 0.278*** | 0.598 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.76 ± 1.13 | 5.84 ± 1.03 | 0.268* | 0.790 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.15 (0.91–1.71) | 1.76 (1.37–2.04) | 0.520** | 0.603 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.71 ± 1.05 | 3.73 ± 1.004 | 0.076* | 0.940 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.24 | 1.06 ± 0.278 | 0.804* | 0.425 |
| Leukocyte count (x1012/L) | 9.0 (8.30–11.70) | 9.5 (9.17–12.60) | 2.404** | 0.016 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 142.00 (132–142) | 130.50 (112.50–154.50) | 0.847** | 0.397 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.4 (1.35–7.30) | 13.50 (4.70–87.20) | 2.112** | 0.035 |
| proBNP (pg/ml) | 250.00 (179–2,071) | 1,577 (309.50–4,926) | 1.330** | 0.182 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 87.5 (78.0–99.8) | 86.0 (77.5–109.5) | 0.025* | 0.980 |
| Creatine clearance (ml/min) | 82 ± 27.28 | 88 ± 38.20 | 0.586* | 0.560 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 6.00 (5.10–8.10) | 5.50 (4.63–9.60) | 0.635** | 0.525 |
| TnT | 1.2 (0.7–10.26) | 0.51 (0.13–3.08) | 0.825** | 0.409 |
| CKMB | 27 (20–69.5) | 20.5 (13–30) | 1.109** | 0.268 |
| Nitrates | 12 (34.3%) | 9 (40.9%) | 0.255*** | 0.614 |
| Furosemide | 11 (31.4%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.507*** | 0.447 |
| Spironolactone | 7 (20.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | 0.000*** | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitors | 26 (74.3%) | 18 (81.8%) | 0.435*** | 0.509 |
| Beta blocker | 26 (74.3%) | 19 (86.4%) | 0.570*** | 0.335 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 (8.6%) | 4 (18.2%) | 0.438*** | 0.411 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 15 (42.9%) | 13 (59.1%) | 1.424*** | 0.233 |
| H2 blockers | 8 (22.9%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0.946*** | 0.278 |
| Amiodarone | 8 (22.9%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.000*** | 0.991 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 32 (91.4%) | 21 (95.5) | 0.002*** | 1.000 |
| Ticagrelor | 20 (57.1%) | 13 (59.1%) | 0.021*** | 0.885 |
| Trimetazidine | 12 (34.3%) | 12 (54.5%) | 2.270*** | 0.132 |
| Statins | 33 (94.3%) | 21 (95.5%) | 0.000*** | 1.000 |
All values are presented as mean ± SD or median with interquartile range (IQR) or numbers (%).
Two-tailed unpaired t-test (normalized distribution; t(p)) or Man-Whitney (non-normalized distribution; Z (p)), and χ2 (p).
LVR – left ventricular remodelling, STEMI - ST elevation myocardial infarction, AV - atrioventricular, VT/VF- ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, BMI- body mass index, LMCA – left main coronary artery disease, LAD - left anterior descendent artery, LCx - left circumflex artery, RCA - right coronary artery, CRP - C reactive protein, proBNP - pro brain natriuretic peptide, TnT-Troponin T, CKMB-creatine kinase isoenzime MB, ACE inhibitor -angiotensine converting enzyme inhibitor.