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. 2019 Sep 11;9:13167. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49755-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Toggle-Cell SELEX against multiple Gram-negative bacteria. (a) Schematic illustration of Toggle-Cell SELEX against three different Gram-negative bacteria. (b) Relative binding efficiency was tested using qPCR to confirm the enrichment of ssDNA after 4th round of Toggle SELEX. Data represented mean ± SD values of three independent experiments. (c) Predicted secondary structures of two isolated aptamers, GN6 and GN12, using M-fold algorithm at 25 °C, [Na⁺] = 100 mM, and [Mg²⁺] = 5 mM.