Table 1.

Evaluation of the Synaptive Modus V system, a 2D exoscope in clinical practice. The scores for image quality, depth perception, complications, and comfort of surgeon were evaluated as follows: as good as microscope = 0, slightly better than microscope = +, much better than microscope = ++, slightly worse than microscope = −, much worse than microscope = −−, complications: 0 = no complications, + = complication occurred

Case no.	Diagnosis	Procedure	Age (years)	Visual quality	Depth perception	Comfort of surgeon	Complications	Switching to microscope	Operation time (min)
1	Cervical disc herniation C5/6	Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion	53	−	−−	−−	0	No	135
2	Cervical spinal stenosis C5/6	Dorsal laminectomy	68	0	−	−−	+	No	180
3	Vestibular schwannoma	Tumor resection	47	+	−	−	0	No	440
4	Lumbar disc herniation L4/5	Lumbar discectomy	37	0	0	0	0	No	102
5	Anterior skull base meningioma	Tumor resection	49	0	0	0	0	No	100
6	Olfactory groove meningioma	Tumor resection	55	+	0	0	0	No	153
7	Lumbar disc herniation L4/5	Lumbar discectomy	30	0	0	0	0	No	110
8	Tentorial meningioma	Tumor resection	50	++	0	0	0	No	137