Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author (year) | Country | Patient number | PAF | Mean age | Male | CAD | Gal-3 method | CA details | Number of cases with AF recurrence | Mean follow-up | Outcomes reported | Variables adjusted | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | years | % | % | months | |||||||||
| Gurses (2014) | Turkey | 100 | NR | 57 | 44 | 0 | ELISA | CB-CPVI | 24 | 12 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 | NA | 6 (3/2/1) |
| Lee (2014) | China | 96 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | ELISA | RF-CPVI | 39 | 18 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 and risk estimation for AF recurrence | Age, gender, LAD, and NT-proBNP | 6 (3/2/1) |
| Wu (2015) | China | 50 | 0 | 49 | 94 | 0 | ELISA | RF-CPVI Plus | 32 | 12 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 and risk estimation for AF recurrence | Age, gender, and LAD | 9 (4/3/2) |
| Kornej (2015) | Germany | 92 | 51 | 62 | 65 | NR | ELISA | RF-CPVI Plus | 36 | 6 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 | NA | 8 (4/2/2) |
| Takemoto (2016) | US | 55 | 53 | 63 | 82 | 15 | ELISA | RF-CPVI Plus | 16 | 12 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 and risk estimation for AF recurrence | Age, gender, type of AF, and LAD | 9 (4/3/2) |
| Clementy (2016) | France | 160 | 55 | 61 | 71 | NR | ELISA | RF-CPVI Plus | 55 | 12 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 and risk estimation for AF recurrence | Age, gender, and LAD | 9 (4/3/2) |
| Begg (2018) | UK | 92 | 67 | 58 | 60 | 5 | ELISA | RF-CPVI Plus | 42 | 12 | Baseline difference of Gal-3 | NA | 9 (4/3/2) |
AF, atrial fibrillation; PC, prospective cohort; PAF, paroxysmal AF; NR, not reported; Gal-3, galectin-3; CAD, coronary artery disease; CA, catheter ablation; CB, cryoballoon; RF, radiofrequency; CPVI, circumferential pulmonary vein isolation; CPVI plus, includes CPVI with one or more of adjuvant ablations in cavotricuspid isthmus, mitral isthmus, left atrial roof, the basal posterior wall, superior vena cava or complex fractionate atrial electrograms; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; LAD, left atrial dimension; NT-proBNP, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.