Table 2. Competing Risk Analysis of Variables Associated With Upgradinga.
| Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | .35 | NA | NA |
| PI-RADSv2 score | ||||
| Normal | 1 [Reference] | .11 | NA | |
| 3 | 0.51 (0.22-1.22) | NA | ||
| 4 | 1.07 (0.48-2.43) | NA | ||
| 5 | 0.10 (0.01-1.13) | NA | ||
| PSA level, ng/mL | 1.05 (1.00-1.11) | .06 | NA | NA |
| Prostate volume on MRI, mL | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | .90 | NA | NA |
| GGb | ||||
| Normal | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | NA | NA |
| GG1 | 14.73 (4.77-45.46) | NA | ||
| GG2 | 14.44 (4.20-49.61) | NA | ||
| PSA density level, ≥0.15 vs <0.15 ng/mL/mL | 1.74 (0.82-3.69) | .15 | NA | .003 |
| MCCL, ≥6 vs <6 mm | 0.80 (0.25-2.53) | .71 | NA | NA |
| Percent cancer, ≥25% vs <25% | 1.02 (0.40-2.62) | .97 | NA | NA |
| GG and PSA density interactionc | ||||
| GG1 vs normal | NA | .16 | ||
| <0.15 ng/mL/mL | NA | 2.38 (0.77-7.34) | ||
| ≥0.15 ng/mL/mL | NA | 0.94 (0.31-2.84) | ||
| GG2 vs normal | ||||
| <0.15 ng/mL/mLc | NA | 7.82 (2.29-26.68) | ||
| ≥0.15 ng/mL/mL | NA | 1.02 (0.19-5.57) | ||
| GG2 vs GG1 | ||||
| <0.15 ng/mL/mLc | NA | 3.29 (1.29-8.36) | ||
| ≥0.15 ng/mL/mL | NA | 1.08 (0.21-5.63) | ||
| PSA density ≥0.15 vs <0.15 ng/mL/mL | ||||
| Normald | NA | 7.21 (1.98-26.24) | ||
| GG1d | NA | 2.86 (1.16-7.03) | ||
| GG2 | NA | 0.94 (0.18-4.99) | ||
Abbreviations: GG, Gleason grade group; GG1, Gleason score of 6 or lower; GG2, Gleason score of 3 + 4 = 7; MCCL, maximum cancer core length; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable; PI-RADSv2, Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System, version 2; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.
a
Receipt of treatment before detection of pathologic disease upgrading was designated as the competing risk.
b
GG2 vs GG1: univariate model hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.23-4.13.
c
Hazard ratios for each level of GG and PSA density in the multivariate model.
d
Significant hazard ratio.