Table 2.
Normal and pathological liver echogenicity / normal and elevated serum liver enzymes. Results are based on multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Normal liver echogenicity | Pathological liver echogenicity | Normal liver enzymes (< 25 U/L) | Elevated liver Enzymes (> 25 U/L) | Normal liver enzymes (< 50 U/L) | Elevated liver Enzymes (> 50 U/L) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n = 575 (56%) | n = 458 (44%) | n = 369 (36%) | n = 664 (64%) | n = 859 (83%) | n = 174 (17%) | |
| Gender | female n (%) | 310 (54%) | 209 (46%) | 123 (33%) | 391 (59%) | 454 (53%) | 65 (37%) |
| male n (%) | 265 (46%) | 249 (54%) | 246 (67%) | 273 (41%) | 405 (47%) | 109 (63%) | |
| Age | 4–8.9 years n (%) | 68 (12%) | 33 (7%) | 36 (10%) | 65 (10%) | 89 (10%) | 12 (7%) |
| 9–13.9 years n (%) | 309 (54%) | 203 (44%) | 192 (52%) | 320 (48%) | 438 (51%) | 74 (42%) | |
| 14–18 years n (%) | 198 (34%) | 222 (49%) | 141 (38%) | 279 (42%) | 332 (39%) | 88 (51%) | |
| BMI | 90.-97. percentile n (%) | 57 (10%) | 17 (4%) | 46 (13%) | 28 (4%) | 73 (8%) | 1 (1%) |
| 97.-99.5. percentile n (%) | 226 (39%) | 114 (25%) | 134 (36%) | 206 (31%) | 298 (35%) | 42 (24%) | |
| > 99.5. percentile n (%) | 292 (51%) | 327 (71%) | 189 (51%) | 430 (65%) | 488 (57%) | 131 (75%) | |
| Obesity related Co-morbidities | IGM n (%) | 11 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 16 (3%) | 12 (2%) | 9 (6%) |
| dyslipidemia n (%) | 27 (5%) | 36 (8%) | 16 (4%) | 47 (7%) | 49 (6%) | 14 (8%) | |
| arterial hypertension n (%) | 227 (41%) | 193 (45%) | 123 (35%) | 297 (47%) | 343 (42%) | 77 (47%) | |
| Tanner stage | Breast for girls n (%) | 173 (55%) | 146 (45%) | 156 (49%) | 163 (51%) | 277 (87%) | 42 (13%) |
| Tanner stage 0 n (%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Tanner stage 1 n (%) | 34 (20%) | 22 (15%) | 32 (20%) | 24 (15%) | 51 (18%) | 5 (12%) | |
| Tanner stage 2 n (%) | 25 (14%) | 19 (13%) | 22 (14%) | 22 (13%) | 38 (14%) | 6 (14%) | |
| Tanner stage 3 n (%) | 35 (20%) | 17 (12%) | 25 (16%) | 27 (17%) | 47 (17%) | 5 (12%) | |
| Tanner stage 4 n (%) | 28 (16%) | 31 (21%) | 25 (16%) | 34 (21%) | 48 (17%) | 11 (26%) | |
| Tanner stage 5 n (%) | 48 (28%) | 56 (38%) | 51 (33%) | 53 (32%) | 89 (32%) | 15 (36%) | |
| Tanner stage | Genitalia for boys n (%) | 144 (49%) | 152 (51%) | 71 (24%) | 225 (76%) | 236 (80%) | 60 (20%) |
| Tanner stage 0 n (%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Tanner stage 1 n (%) | 33 (23%) | 37 (24%) | 24 (34%) | 46 (20%) | 59 (25%) | 11 (18%) | |
| Tanner stage 2 n (%) | 40 (28%) | 43 (28%) | 25 (35%) | 58 (26%) | 65 (27%) | 18 (30%) | |
| Tanner stage 3 n (%) | 36 (25%) | 25 (17%) | 12 (17%) | 49 (22%) | 50 (21%) | 11 (18%) | |
| Tanner stage 4 n (%) | 27 (18%) | 39 (26%) | 8 (11%) | 58 (26%) | 54 (23%) | 12 (20%) | |
| Tanner stage 5 n (%) | 7 (5%) | 8 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 13 (6%) | 7 (3%) | 8 (14%) | |
| Tanner stage | Pubic hair girls n (%) | 193 (56%) | 153 (44%) | 167 (48%) | 179 (52%) | 302 (87%) | 44 (13%) |
| Tanner stage 0 n (%) | 4 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 5 (3%) | 7 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Tanner stage 1 n (%) | 41 (21%) | 26 (17%) | 37 (22%) | 30 (17%) | 61 (20%) | 6 (14%) | |
| Tanner stage 2 n (%) | 32 (17%) | 16 (11%) | 21 (13%) | 27 (15%) | 39 (13%) | 9 (20%) | |
| Tanner stage 3 n (%) | 34 (18%) | 15 (10%) | 28 (17%) | 21 (12%) | 47 (15%) | 2 (5%) | |
| Tanner stage 4 n (%) | 31 (16%) | 31 (20%) | 27 (16%) | 35 (19%) | 50 (17%) | 12 (27%) | |
| Tanner stage 5 n (%) | 48 (25%) | 60 (39%) | 50 (30%) | 58 (32%) | 93 (31%) | 15 (34%) | |
| Tanner stage 6 n (%) | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Tanner stage | Pubic hair boys n (%) | 157 (52%) | 145 (48%) | 62 (21%) | 240 (79%) | 234 (77%) | 68 (23%) |
| Tanner stage 0 n (%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Tanner stage 1 n (%) | 39 (25%) | 42 (29%) | 22 (35%) | 59 (24%) | 65 (28%) | 16 (24%) | |
| Tanner stage 2 n (%) | 40 (25%) | 31 (21%) | 23 (37%) | 48 (20%) | 56 (24%) | 15 (22%) | |
| Tanner stage 3 n (%) | 38 (24%) | 20 (14%) | 9 (15%) | 49 (20%) | 47 (20%) | 11 (16%) | |
| Tanner stage 4 n (%) | 28 (18%) | 39 (27%) | 5 (8%) | 62 (26%) | 54 (23%) | 13 (19%) | |
| Tanner stage 5 n (%) | 10 (6%) | 12 (8%) | 3 (5%) | 19 (8%) | 10 (4%) | 12 (18%) | |
| Tanner stage 6 n (%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | |
n (number), percent (%), BMI Body Mass Index, IGM Impaired Glucose Metabolism