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Comparison of strength and direction of phenotypic trait covariation
| Covariation strength | Effect sizes | p-value |
| Humerus / mandible | subterranean = 3.02/non-subterranean = 2.58 | 0.205 |
| Mandible | subterranean = 3.91/non-subterranean = 2.73 | 0.266 |
| Covariation trajectories | Slopes | p-value |
| Humerus / mandible | subterranean = 0.38/non-subterranean = 0.55 | 0.19 |
| Mandible | subterranean = 0.78/non-subterranean = 1.03 | 0.07 |
